The reference data on elements in clinical samples found at our website is based on several research articles partially authored by employees at ALS Scandinavia AB.

The staff at ALS Scandinavia AB are experts in performing metal analyses of clinical specimens but unfortunately not in a position to be responsible for maintaining up-to-date reference values for all elements since this is an area in constant change. For such reference values, we kindly refer to for example a doctor and/or a toxicologists. The concentrations of different metals in clincal samples may vary due to a number of factors such as geographic residence, food, sex or if they are smokers or non-smokers. Consequently, reference values vary between different studies.

Therefore, the reference data found on our website is not intended for use as official reference values.